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1.
Horiz. enferm ; 34(2): 176-189, 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509281

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio fue describir las dinámicas comunitarias y gubernamentales en torno a la malaria, su control y prevención en el Municipio de San José del Guaviare, en el departamento de Guaviare (Colombia). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de métodos mixtos utilizando una encuesta que constaba de 45 preguntas sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas y entrevistas semiestructuradas con personal médico y trabajadores del gobierno. RESULTADOS: Aceptaron realizar la encuesta 103 personas, el 72% fueron mujeres, edad promedio de 40,8 años, tiene acueducto el 60% y alcantarillado 53,4%. El 59% reportó haber tenido malaria, 76% reconoció un mosquito como el vector de la enfermedad, 6% reconoce al Anopheles como el vector. El 16,5% de los encuestados asegura que la malaria no es un problema de salud para ellos y sus familias. El uso de toldillos (74%) es considerado una eficaz protección. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencia un buen conocimiento de la malaria después de los acuerdos de paz, sin embargo, los determinantes relacionados con suministro de agua, alcantarillado, difícil atención en zona rural y las escasas acciones interdisciplinarias son posibles elementos de riesgo para esta población.


The objective of the study was to describe the community and government dynamics around malaria, especially its control and prevention, in the Municipality of San José del Guaviare, in the sector of Guaviare (Colombia). METHODS: We conducted a mixed methods study using a survey consisting of 45 questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and semi-structured interviews with medical personnel and government workers. RESULTS: 103 people responded to the survey. 72% were women, and the average age was 40.8 years. 60% had an aqueduct and 53.4% had sewers. 59% reported having had malaria, 76% recognized a mosquito as the vector of the disease, and 6% recognized Anopheles as the vector. 16.5% of those surveyed said that malaria was not a health problem for them and their families. 74% considered the use of mosquito nets an effective protection. CONCLUSIONS: While there is a good knowledge of malaria, difficulties related to water supply, sewage, care in rural areas and lack of interdisciplinary solutions pose possible risk factors for this population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Knowledge , Malaria/prevention & control , Colombia/epidemiology
2.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 74(3)dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1449977

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In Colombia, malaria affects people in vulnerable conditions. In urban areas, disease control measures have decreased the incidence of malaria in the past 5 years. However, there is some government abandonment in areas with armed conflict. Objective: To determine the knowledges, attitudes and practice regarding malaria in Piñalito, a town located in the municipality of Vista Hermosa in the Meta department (Colombia), in the period 2016-2017. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study using a survey consisting of 45 questions on knowledge, attitudes, and practices and semistructured interviews with medical personnel and government workers. Results: Of the respondents, 89.13% said that malaria is a health problem, 63.04% said the disease is transmitted by a mosquito bite, main symptoms were reported to be high fever (78.26%) and headache (60.87%). A total of 73.91% of respondents affirmed using mosquito nets to avoid the disease. The community affirmed that they do not receive good medical attention (65.22%) and did not identify the active participation of the local health secretary to prevent malaria. Conclusions: The inhabitants of Piñalito demonstrated adequate knowledge about the disease and positive attitudes toward preventing malaria. However, they had negative perceptions about the actions of the secretary of health and the government for control and prevention of the disease.


Introducción: En Colombia, la malaria afecta a personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad. En áreas urbanas, las medidas de control de enfermedades han disminuido la incidencia de malaria en los últimos 5 años. Sin embargo, existe cierto abandono del gobierno en áreas con conflicto armado. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre la malaria en la población del municipio de Piñalito (Meta, Colombia), en el periodo 2016-2017. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio de métodos mixtos utilizando una encuesta de 45 preguntas sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la población y entrevistas semiestructuradas con personal médico y trabajadores del gobierno. Resultados: De los encuestados, el 89,13 % dijo que la malaria es un problema de salud, el 63,04 % considera que la enfermedad se transmite por la picadura de un mosquito. Los síntomas principales fueron fiebre alta (78,26 %) y dolor de cabeza (60,87 %). El 73,91 % de los encuestados afirmó utilizar mosquiteros para evitar la enfermedad. La comunidad manifestó que no recibe buena atención médica (65,22 %) y no identificó la participación activa de la secretaría de salud local para prevenir la malaria. Conclusiones: Los habitantes de Piñalito demostraron un adecuado conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y actitudes positivas hacia la prevención de la malaria. Sin embargo, tenían percepciones negativas sobre las acciones de la secretaría de salud y del gobierno para el control y prevención de la enfermedad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies
3.
Horiz. enferm ; 33(2): 100-111, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1392300

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To understand the use and awareness of EHC among university students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a random sample of university students from Villavicencio using a self-administered survey. A description of the variables was performed, followed by a multinomial regression to evaluate possible associations with the non-use of HEC, obtaining OR. RESULTS: A total of 273 students were surveyed, out of whom 95.97% stated that they were aware of emergency hormonal contraception (EHC) and 4.03% were unaware. 59.34% students had previously used EHC, whereas 40.66% had not. On evaluation of the respondents' knowledge regarding EHC, it was found that 135 students (49.45%) possessed an acceptable level of knowledge of EHC, whereas 138 students (50.55%) did not pass the evaluation and possessed a very low level of knowledge regarding EHC. It is suggested in the results that there is more predisposition to the use of the EHC method in women (OR 1.89 CI 1.15-3.09, p=0.00009), and in those who have received counseling on contraception (OR 3.09 CI 1.88-5.07, p= 0.0000016. CONCLUSION: The results of the survey suggest that the existing education and communication strategies regarding sexuality and contraceptive use for adolescents and young adults should be rethought.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Colombia
4.
Rev. salud pública ; 20(6): 778-784, nov.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020859

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Explorar los elementos que se deben considerar en las zonas de post-con-flicto para garantizar el derecho a la salud de las poblaciones inmersas o vecinas a las zonas de concentración de los excombatientes. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, mediante búsqueda en bases de datos, obteniendo 26 artículos pertinentes. Resultados Mediante la revisión documental se evidenció que no solo es importante el marco legal o normativo, se deben incluir las necesidades e intereses de las personas de la comunidad, tanto de la población civil como de las víctimas de la guerra, el derecho a la salud en estas zonas implica también ejercicios de poder, de dialogo de saberes, de perdón, no repetición y de respeto, se debe ofertar servicios de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, tratamiento y rehabilitación basados en la estrategia de atención primaria en salud, es decir adaptados a las realidades culturales, los entornos y los quereres de las comunidades. Conclusiones El reto es cómo dentro de un débil sistema de salud tanto en lo financiero, administrativo y técnico eso pueda ser posible. Se proponen los elementos básicos multidimensionales en el ámbito de la atención primaria en salud, para afrontar este reto de la salud pública colombiana.(AU)


ABSTRACT Objective To explore the elements that should be considered in post-conflict zones to guarantee the right to health of populations immersed or living in areas near the concentrations of former combatants. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was carried out by searching databases, obtaining 26 relevant articles. Results The literature review made evident that not only the legal or normative framework is important, but also the needs and interests of the people of the community, of both the civilian population and the victims of war. The right to health in these areas also involves the exercise of power, of dialogue of knowledge, forgiveness, non-repetition and respect. In addition, health promotion and disease prevention services, treatment and rehabilitation based on the primary care strategy should be offered, that is, they should be adapted to the cultural realities, the environments and the interests of the communities. Conclusions The challenge lies in the way how these goals can be achieved within a context of a weak health system, in financial, administrative and technical terms. Basic multidimensional elements in the field of primary health care are proposed to face this challenge for the Colombian public health.(AU)


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care/trends , Armed Conflicts , Right to Health/trends , Retrospective Studies , Colombia
5.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 22(2): 26-37, 09 de noviembre de 2017. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-881201

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento y la respuesta del sistema de salud ante la violencia de género en el departamento del Meta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, con los casos notificados por violencia sexual y de género en el departamento, durante 2015. Resultados: Se estudiaron 1569 casos, la edad promedio fue de 20,7 años, la mayoría mujeres 81,7%, de ingresos bajos 59,44%, amas de casa 36,9% o estudiantes 20,72%, el agresor más frecuente fue un hombre joven (14-45 años) 67,18%, que tiene relación afectiva con la víctima y convive con ella. La violencia física 46,4%, la negligencia-abandono 25,18% y el abuso sexual 24,16% son las modalidades de mayor ocurrencia. El mecanismo agresor más común es el arma corto contundente 52,35% y el sitio anatómico más afectado, cara, cuello y manos 36,3%. El sitio más frecuente de agresión fue la vivienda 73,4% y los lugares públicos. Se evidenció población vulnerable afectada como son las gestantes y víctimas de violencia armada. El sistema de salud actúa en la atención integral en forma efectiva, se limita a la atención del daño físico y no activa la ruta de atención establecida, generando mayores riesgos a la víctima. Conclusiones: Se encuentra una alta incidencia de violencia de género, los factores de riesgo encontrados: ser mujer, estudiante o ama de casa, unión libre, bajo ingreso y bajo nivel educativo. El sistema de salud debe involucrarse en la atención integral del evento.


Objective: To describe the behavior and health system response to gender violence in the department of Meta, Colombia. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed with the reported sexual and gender violence in the department during 2015. Results: A total of 1,569 cases were studied. The average age was 20.7 years, most of them were women, 81.7%, 59.44%from lowincome status; they were housewives, 36.9% or students 20.72%. The most frequent offender was a young man (14-45 years) 67.18%, who had an affective relationship with the victim and cohabited with her. The highest occurrence patterns were physical violence 46.4%, abandonment-neglect 25.18%, and sexual abuse 24.16%. The most common aggressor mechanism was the short blunt weapon, 52.35%, and the most affected anatomical areas are the face, the neck and the hands, 36.3%. The most frequent place of aggression was the house, 73.4% and public places. Vulnerable population affected was evidenced including pregnant women and victims of armed violence. The health system operates in comprehensive care effectively but is limited to the attention of physical damage and does not active the attention route established, thus generating greater risks to the victim. Conclusions: A high incidence of gender violence was found being the risk factors: being a female, student or housewife, cohabitating, low income and low educational level. The health system must be involved in the comprehensive care of the event.


Objective: To describe the behavior and health system response to gender violence in the department of Meta, Colombia. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was designed with the reported sexual and gender violence in the department during 2015. Results: A total of 1,569 cases were studied. The average age was 20.7 years, most of them were women, 81.7%, 59.44%from lowincome status; they were housewives, 36.9% or students 20.72%. The most frequent offender was a young man (14-45 years) 67.18%, who had an affective relationship with the victim and cohabited with her. The highest occurrence patterns were physical violence 46.4%, abandonment-neglect 25.18%, and sexual abuse 24.16%. The most common aggressor mechanism was the short blunt weapon, 52.35%, and the most affected anatomical areas are the face, the neck and the hands, 36.3%. The most frequent place of aggression was the house, 73.4% and public places. Vulnerable population affected was evidenced including pregnant women and victims of armed violence. The health system operates in comprehensive care effectively but is limited to the attention of physical damage and does not active the attention route established, thus generating greater risks to the victim. Conclusions: A high incidence of gender violence was found being the risk factors: being a female, student or housewife, cohabitating, low income and low educational level. The health system must be involved in the comprehensive care of the event.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Violence Against Women , Sex Offenses , Domestic Violence , Gender-Based Violence
6.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 65(2): 305-310, Apr.-June 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-896720

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción. El control prenatal (CPN) es una estrategia de costo eficaz en la prevención de mortalidad y morbilidad materna y perinatal. Aunque Colombia tiene una inscripción de gestantes al CPN del 94%, este logro no afecta el descenso de la mortalidad materno perinatal. Objetivo. Describir las barreras de acceso al CPN y la calidad de atención a gestantes en Meta. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal y se realizó una encuesta que abordó aspectos como percepción de calidad de atención, barreras de acceso e integridad de la atención. Resultados. Se trabajó con 306 gestantes, cuya edad promedio fue de 24 años. El 66% tuvo una o dos gestaciones, el 15% ha tenido aborto y el 25% cesárea. El 74.17% tuvo cuatro o más controles. Existieron factores de riesgo asociados a menos de cuatro controles, percepción de la calidad del control con Odds ratio (OR, por su sigla en inglés) 22.7, inicio del CPN en segundo trimestre con OR 5.64, nivel de ingreso bajo con OR 5.12 y baja escolaridad de la madre con OR 3.62. Conclusión. Es necesario mejorar la calidad e integridad del CPN por los prestadores de salud como estrategia complementaria para asegurar su efecto en la reducción de la morbimortalidad materno y perinatal.


Abstract Introduction: Prenatal care (PC) is a cost-effective strategy that prevents maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Although PC in Colombian pregnant women shows an enrollment rate of 94%, this condition does not impact the decline of maternal perinatal mortality. Objective: To describe the obstacles to access to PC and the perceived quality of care for pregnant women in Meta. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study was designed and a survey was applied to inquire about aspects such as perception of quality of care, obstacles to access and comprehensiveness of care. Results: 306 pregnant women were included in the study, whose average age was 24 years. 66% had one or two pregnancies, 15% had abortions and 25% had a cesarean section. 74.17% of them had four or more prenatal controls. Risk factors were associated with attending less than four controls, while perception of quality had an odds ratio (OR) of 22.7; additionally, beginning PC during the second trimester had an OR of 5.64, low income level an OR of 5.12, and low maternal schooling an OR of 3.62. Conclusion: Improving the quality and integrity of PC by health providers is a complementary strategy to ensure its effect on the reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

7.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 21(1): 15-25, Jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-953759

ABSTRACT

.OBJETIVO: Describir el comportamiento de la morbilidad materna extrema durante el año 2014, en el departamento del Meta, Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo con los reportes de morbilidad extrema del departamento durante el año 2014. RESULTADOS: Se reportaron 353 casos de morbilidad materna extrema durante 2014, frente a 194 del 2013, con una edad promedio de 25.2 años. El 99.43% de las pacientes se hospitalizaron, de las cuales el 38.24% se remitieron inicialmente a mayor nivel de complejidad. Se analizaron los criterios de inclusión, por enfermedad específica, encontrando como primera causa la eclampsia (22.38%), seguida de choque hipovolémico. El 71.67% de las gestantes presentó entre uno y dos criterios de inclusión para Morbilidad Materna Extrema y el 28% restante tres y más. De las pacientes notificadas, el 13.59% tuvo una cirugía adicional (la más frecuente fue la histerectomía), seguida de laparotomía exploratoria. Por causas agrupadas se encuentran en primer lugar los trastornos hipertensivos (55.24% de los casos), seguidos de las complicaciones hemorrágicas (21.25% de los casos). CONCLUSIONES: La morbilidad materna extrema en el Meta es una causa importante de morbilidad en las mujeres en edad fértil. Se requiere seguir fortaleciendo su identificación para realizar manejos oportunos, así como fortalecer las estrategias y programas en salud pública existentes para que haya mayor adherencia al control prenatal. Los trastornos hipertensivos y los hemorrágicos fueron las primeras complicaciones que se presentaron en el departamento, similares al país y al mundo


OBJETIVO: Descrever o comportamento da mortalidade materna extrema durante o ano 2014, no departamento de Meta, Colômbia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizou se um estudo descritivo retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa com os reportes de mortalidade extrema do departamento durante o ano 2014. RESULTADOS: Reportam se 353 casos de mortalidade materna extrema durante 2014, frente a 194 de 2013, com uma idade a meia de 25.2 anos. O 99.43% das pacientes se hospitalizaram, das quais o 38.24% se remitiram inicialmente a maior nível de complexidade. Analisaram se os critérios de inclusão, por seguida de choque hipovolêmico doença específica, achando como primeira causa a eclampsia (22.38%), seguida de choque hipovolêmico. O 71.67% das mulheres gestantes apresentou entre um e dois critérios de inclusão para Mortalidade Materna Extrema e o 28% restante três e mais. Das pacientes notificadas, o 13.59% teve uma cirurgia adicional (a mais freqüente foi a histerectomia), seguida de laparotomia exploratória. Por causas agrupadas se encontram em primeiro lugar os transtornos hipertensivos (55.24% dos casos), seguidos das complicações hemorrágicas (21.25% dos casos). CONCLUSÕES: A mortalidade materna em Meta é uma causa importante de mortalidade nas mulheres em idade fértil. Requer-se seguir fortalecendo sua identificação para gestões oportunas, assim como fortalecer as estratégias e programas em saúde publica existentes para que haja maior aderência ao controle pré-natal. Os transtornos hipertensivos e os hemorrágicos foram às primeiras complicações que se apresentaram no departamento, similares ao país e ao mundo


OBJECTIVE: To describe the behavior of extreme maternal morbidity in 2014 in the department of Meta, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach with extreme morbidity reports of the department of Meta during 2014 was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 353 cases of extreme maternal morbidity were reported during 2014 compared to 194 cases reported in 2013, with an average age of 25.2 years. A 99.43% of patients were hospitalized of which 38.24% were initially sent to higher level of complexity. The inclusion criteria were analyzed by specific disease being eclampsia the leading cause (22.38%), followed by hypovolemic shock. A 71.67% of pregnant women presented between one and two inclusion criteria for extreme maternal morbidity and the remaining 28% presented three or more inclusion criteria. Of the reported patients, a 13.59% had additional surgery (the most frequent was hysterectomy) followed by exploratory laparotomy. Grouped causes are primarily hypertensive disorders (55.24% of the cases), followed by bleeding complications (21.25% of the cases). CONCLUSIONS: Extreme maternal morbidity in Meta is a major cause of morbidity in women of childbearing age. It is necessary to continue strengthening its identification for timely handling, as well as strengthening the already existing strategies and programs in public health so that there is greater adherence to prenatal care. Hypertensive and hemorrhagic disorders were the first complications presented at the department, as it happens in the country and the world


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Maternal Mortality , Public Health , Morbidity , Maternal Welfare
8.
Rev. colomb. enferm ; 5(5): 23-28, ago. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-616046

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal descriptivo en la sede central de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia en Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, en el primer semestre de 2008, para conocer las características de la situación de salud de los estudiantes; se tomó una muestra de 172 estudiantes mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados y se aplicó cuestionario autoadministrado. La edad promedio fue de 20 años, 91,7% solteros, 6,5% casados o en unión libre, 36,3% estudian y trabajan, 11,3% tiene hijos a cargo, el 60,9% estuvo enfermo en el último año; las enfermedades respiratorias y digestivas son las primeras causas de consulta; el 61,2% fue al médico en el último año, el 44,6% acudió a las Empresas Promotoras de Salud del Sistema de Seguridad Social, el 39,8% al médico particular y el 14,5% al servicio médico universitario; 15,5% usó tratamientos caseros; el 70,8% consume alcohol y el 45,5% lo hace semanalmente. Se recomienda realizar estrategias de bienestar estudiantil dirigidas a la población trabajadora y al buen uso del tiempo libre de la población universitaria.


Subject(s)
Epidemiology, Descriptive , Health Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Student Health Services , Colombia
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